Skip Williams

Gerald, Here's a link to the WorldCat record for "The knight and the blast furnace" Longwood and Duke are the closest. https://www.worldcat.org/title/knight-and-the-blast-furnace-a-history-of-the-metallurgy-of-armour-in-the-middle-ages-the-early-modern-period/oclc/186724458&referer=brief_results

According to an old thread the blowers are the next step up in CFM. Ametek 116643. http://catalog.ametekdfs.com/ecatalog/blowers/en/116643-01

I used to have a half dozen of these blowers that were used for smelting classes. The blower has an internal 0 ohm to 10k ohm potentiometer that you can adjust via a hole in the metal case. If it was adjusted to the 10k ohm end of the range you might see the issues you're having! Ametek uses the term sensitivity adjustment in their documentation. This schematic diagram is reproduced from some notes I made years ago and years ago.

I think you 'll be just fine. Jerrod and others can tell you how long and hot to soak the speroidized material to put all the carbon back into the equation. You're doing good so far!

After etching with nital both ferrite and cementite will be about equally bright. You'll have to use Picral, Klemm's, or Baraha's reagent to stain them differentially. Revealing the Microstructure of Tool Steels, March 15, 2012 by George Vander Voort, Figure 3 https://vacaero.com/information-resources/metallography-with-george-vander-voort/1174-revealing-the-microstructure-of-tool-steels.html There is a cheat called 'heat tinting' (J. E. Stead, 1905?) which is to heat the sample until the temper colors show. IIRC, ferrite will oxidize at a much lower temperature than cementite. But this obviously doesn't work if your sample is mounted in resin.

Yes, the 1095 is spheroidized annealed. It (sometimes) comes that way from the manufacturer.

C53400 Phosphor Bronze B-1 https://alloys.copper.org/alloy/C53400

According to the internet hss-dmo5= m2 = din 1.3343. Attached is a representative data sheet from Edelstahl Best Skip 1.3343_en.pdf

Sebastiaan Pelsmaeker summarized Ypey's opinion of this sword as follows from Sebastiaan B.M. Pelsmaeker BA Master Thesis, Weapons of Princes, Weapons of War? An experimental analysis of pattern-welded swords from northwestern Europe, 400-1100 AD Number V Find location: The Waal near Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Date: 9th century AD Literature: Ypey 1983, pp. 199-201. Other information: This sword is similar to a type IV in appearance, however, in construction it is different the other swords. First it should be noted that this sword has many small faults; indicating either an inexperienced smith or a troublesome material. Due to the bad forging of this blade it is mostly thinner than 3 mm and it has a very irregular appearance. On one side of this sword the core is constructed of two twisted rods in a herringbone pattern, on the other side it features a wave-like piece of pattern-welding. It appears that the wavy piece is overlaid on top fo the two twisted rods, possibly to increase the sword’s thickness and flexibility.

I bit more information on these swords from Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 5, pp. 199-200 (google books) J. Ypey: "Damaszierung"; in: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde", Band 5, S. 191. The sketch for the Iversheim sword (or both swords) might originate in: Das fränkische Gräberfeld von Iversheim : Kreis Euskirchen Christiane Neuffer-Müller. Published: Berlin : G. Mann, 1972. Note: At head of title: Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Rheinishces Landesmuseum Bonn des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland. Physical Description: 110 p. : illus. ISBN: 3786110581

Looks like a perfect bloom! Congratulations

double post

Jan, The intermediate structure on your carburized bar will be pearlite with widmanstatten and allotriomorphic(GB) ferrite. A polished section will look similar to the upper half of the example below; this is a hearth steel axe-bit welded(poorly) to a bloomery iron body.

Thijs I totally agree with that thought. You mention in several publications that Gunter and yourself can control of the phosphorus content of the bloom. Are you doing this by altering the furnace design or are you accomplishing this by changing the smelting procedure?

Thanks Admins, Looks like the loose cookies have been repaired and so far all is well!